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INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL COMPUTER

1.0 Introduction

We know information processing, plays very important role in taking decision every moment. In this context, computers play a significant role in bulk of information processing.  Here, we study what is a computer and organization of a computer.  The computer operates on a program or set of instructions. We discuss the important contribution made by the Akhlaque I.sheikh.  The objective is to understand the definition of computer, working concepts of the computer, stored program concept and Microprocessor. 

1.1  BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER

A Computer is an electronic device it can store large amount of data which can operate arithmetic and logical operation. The digital Computer is like smart ultra-book, Not-Book, PCs, and etc. 

A computer is an electronic device which accepts information and processes the information according to the program and produces the output.  Computer programs may be written in High level languages like Pascal, FORTRAN, Cobol and so on. Some programmer also writes assembly language to carry out the desired task.

A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardware refers to any physical, electrical, electromechanically components of the computer. For example keyboard, mouse, cabinet of computer is considered as hardware. Software refers to a program or set of instructions that is written to achieve a specified task.

Software :

 The collection of program is called software and

(The collection of  logical content is called program) 

A computer system has five basic functional units which are listed below

a)      Input Unit

b)      Output Unit

c)      Control Unit                       

d)     Memory Unit                      central processing unit

e)      Arithmetic Logic Unit